CHAPTER 32: OXYGENATION

CHAPTER 32: OXYGENATION

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The nurse, planning to assess a client’s respirations, realizes that the process of ventilation includes:

1.	moving air into and out of the lungs to deliver fresh air to the alveoli.
2.	alveolar gas exchange.
3.	the end stages of oxygenation.
4.	pulmonic circulation.

 

 

ANS:  1

The first step in the process of oxygenation is ventilation or the movement of air into and out of the lungs for the purpose of delivering fresh air into the lung’s alveoli. Oxygen uptake is alveolar gas exchange. Oxygen being diffused from the blood to the tissues is the end stage of oxygenation. Pulmonic circulation is the flow of blood to the pulmonary structures in order for gas exchange to occur in the capillary beds of the lungs.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Physiology of Oxygenation

 

2. The nurse, caring for a client with an altered breathing pattern, is concerned that the client’s health status is changing. Which of the following stimulates ventilation?

1.	Decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood
2.	Increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
3.	Increase in blood oxygen concentration
4.	Increase in concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood

 

 

ANS:  2

Ventilation is regulated by respiratory control centers in the brain stem. The rate and depth of ventilations are constantly adjusted in response to changes in hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood. An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood with a decrease in blood pH will increase respirations. A decrease in blood oxygen concentration will also stimulate ventilation. Concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood will not affect ventilation.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Physiology of Oxygenation

 

3. The nurse is caring for a client who is demonstrating a shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve resulting in less oxygen being available to the tissues. This shift is most likely seen in which condition?

1.	Massive transfusions of banked blood	3.	Hyperthermia
2.	Acidosis	4.	Hypoxia

 

 

ANS:  1

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation. A shift to the left may be caused by a decrease in one red blood cell enzyme which can occur after massive transfusions of banked blood. Acidosis, hyperthermia, and hypoxia are all associated with a shift to the right.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Oxygen Transport and Delivery

 

4. A client states he has had a cold for 3 days and has been running a fever. His oxygen saturation reading is 85% and he appears anxious. Which is the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to take at this time?

1.	Place the client in a recumbent position to facilitate inspiration.
2.	Administer oxygen via mask per order.
3.	Assess the client’s coping mechanisms.
4.	Administer antibiotics as ordered.

 

 

ANS:  2

The client is experiencing Impaired gas exchanged as evidenced by the oxygen saturation reading of 85%. The best intervention to improve this client’s oxygenation would be to administer oxygen via mask per order. A recumbent position will not facilitate inspiration. Assessing coping mechanisms will not improve gas exchange. Administering antibiotics will not improve gas exchange.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Application    REF:   Impaired Gas Exchange

 

5. During assessment of the client with pneumonia, the nurse notes a bluish coloration of the skin. The nurse interprets this to mean the client is:

1.	in the early stages of a respiratory problem.
2.	improving.
3.	hypoxic.
4.	hyperventilating.

 

 

ANS:  3

The bluish color of cyanosis is because of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries that can occur from hypoxia. Cyanosis is usually a late indication of a respiratory problem. The presence of cyanosis does not mean the client is improving. Hyperventilation will occur before cyanosis.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analysis         REF:   Physical Examination