Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 9th Edition by Marilyn J. Hockenberry, David Wilson
Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children 9th Edition by Marilyn J. Hockenberry, David Wilson
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Chapter 34: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| a. | Afterload |
| b. | Cardiac cycle |
| c. | Stroke volume |
| d. | Cardiac output |
ANS: D
Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute. Cardiac output = Heart rate ´ Stroke volume. Afterload is the resistance against which the ventricles must pump when ejecting blood (ventricular ejection). A cardiac cycle is the sequential contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in any one contraction.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1344 TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
| a. | Show bones of chest but not the heart |
| b. | Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart |
| c. | Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart |
| d. | Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns |
ANS: D
Chest x-ray films provide information on the size of the heart and pulmonary blood flow patterns. The bones of the chest are visible on the chest x-ray film, but the heart and blood vessels are also seen. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that allows for evaluation of vascular anatomy outside of the heart. A graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart is provided by electrocardiography.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1346
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
| a. | Directed at his parents because he is too young to understand |
| b. | Adapted to his level of development so that he can understand |
| c. | Done several days before the procedure so he will be prepared |
| d. | Provide details about the actual procedures so he will know what to expect |
ANS: B
Preoperative teaching should always be directed to the child’s stage of development. The caregivers also benefit from these explanations. The parents may ask additional questions, which should be answered, but the child needs to receive the information based on developmental level. This age-group will not understand in-depth descriptions. School-age children should be prepared close to the time of the cardiac catheterization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 1349
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
| a. | 15 |
| b. | 30 |
| c. | 60 |
| d. | 120 |
ANS: C
The heart rate is counted for a full minute to determine whether arrhythmias or bradycardia is present. Fifteen to thirty seconds are too short for accurate assessment. Sixty seconds is sufficient to assess heart rate and rhythm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 1349
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
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