Chapter 9. Development: Infancy Through Middle Age

Chapter 9. Development: Infancy Through Middle Age

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Multiple Choice

 

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____    1.         The nurse is providing prenatal counseling for a couple who is trying to become pregnant. The priority for the nurse is to include which of the following pieces of information?

1)

Stages of growth and development of the fetus

2)

Recommended schedule of visits to her healthcare provider

3)

Recommended average weight gain during pregnancy

4)

Healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy

 

ANS:   4

Maternal nutrition is vital to the healthy growth of the fetus. Poor maternal nutrition leads to an undergrown placenta. A small, poorly functioning placenta and smaller than normal umbilical cord are the causes for small-for-gestational age (otherwise known as small-for-dates) babies. The other options are all things the prospective mother needs to know, but they would not have an immediate impact on fetal health.

 

PTS:    1          DIF:    Moderate         REF:    p. 166

KEY:   Nursing process: Planning | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Analysis

 

 

 

____    2.         Which of the following would indicate a 4-year-old child has successfully gone through Erikson’s Stage 3 (Initiative Versus Guilt)? The child

1)

Refrains from hitting a friend

2)

Plays cooperatively with friends

3)

Is able to develop friendships

4)

Is able to express his feelings

 

ANS:   1

Stage 3 is Initiative Versus Guilt, in which the child becomes responsible for his behavior, develops self-discipline, and is able to manage his impulses. Cooperation and expressing feelings are tasks for Stage 2. Children develop friendships during the preschool age.

 

PTS:    1          DIF:    Moderate         REF:    pp. 163-164

KEY:   Nursing process: Assessment | Client need: PSI | Cognitive level: Application

 

 

 

____    3.         The nurse is preparing to assess a toddler. To make the assessment go smoothly, before examining the child the nurse should first

1)

Talk to the mother before talking to the child

2)

Ask the child about his favorite toy

3)

Get the child’s height and weight

4)

Ask the mother to undress the child

 

ANS:   2

Toddlers have a fear of strangers, so it would be important to establish rapport before examining the child. Although talking to the mother before the child prior to a physical assessment does not lead to distrust, the action simply does not contribute to building a rapport with the child. Undressing the child before a trusting relationship is established often creates anxiety in the child, leading to uncooperativeness, fear, or withdrawal. Obtaining the child’s height and weight would not help the child feel secure.

 

PTS:    1          DIF:    Moderate         REF:    p. 175

KEY:   Nursing process: Assessment | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Application

 

 

 

____    4.         According to Erikson, a behavior demonstrating an important psychosocial task for a toddler would be for the child to

1)

Act defiantly by refusing to hold her mother’s hand while crossing the street

2)

Recognize that it is wrong to take a toy away from someone else

3)

Be able to understand the concept of time in hours

4)

Express to his parents and playmates that he does not like something

 

ANS:   1

The primary task during Erikson’s stage 2, Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt, is establishing an identity as separate from the parent/caregiver. A child between 18 months and 3 years typically tests the boundaries as part of exercising his will to control his environment. “No” is a declaration of independence and a bid for increased autonomy. Acts of independence and autonomy (e.g., refusing to hold her mother’s hand) are normal during this developmental stage. The toddler should be able to tolerate time away from her parents, delay gratification, and have elimination control. The other tasks are accomplished during the preschool stage.

 

PTS:    1          DIF:    Moderate         REF:    p. 163

KEY:   Nursing process: Assessment | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Application

 

 

 

____    5.         A mother comes to the clinic with her infant for a newborn checkup at 1 week of age. The mother tells the nurse, “My baby looks yellow to me.” The nurse’s best response is which of the following?

1)

“What type of detergent are you using to wash the baby clothes?”

2)

“Is there a possibility you had hepatitis during your pregnancy?”

3)

“The color is from the breakdown of maternal red blood cells.”

4)

“There is a cream you can use to reduce the yellowing.”

 

ANS:   3

Jaundice results from the breakdown of the maternal red blood cells that are in the baby’s system after birth, which elevates the bilirubin in the serum. If detergent caused a reaction, the reaction would commonly present as a rash. Although hepatitis B virus may pass through the placenta to the fetus, the infant does not typically show signs at 1 week of life. If treatment becomes necessary, the infant would receive phototherapy; there is no cream to reduce the yellow appearance related to newborn jaundice.

 

PTS:    1          DIF:    Moderate         REF:    p. 170

KEY:   Nursing process: Implementation | Client need: PHSI | Cognitive level: Application