Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care 9th Edition by Jacqueline Burchum
Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care 9th Edition by Jacqueline Burchum
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Chapter 10: Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| a. | Antihistamines given by this route are not absorbed as well in children. |
| b. | Applying an antihistamine to the skin can cause toxicity in this age group. |
| c. | The child will also need oral medication to achieve effective results. |
| d. | Topical medications have fewer side effects than those given by other routes. |
ANS: B
Drug absorption through the skin is more rapid in infants, because their skin is thinner and has greater blood flow; therefore, infants are at increased risk of toxicity from topical drugs. Because of increased drug absorption through the skin, infants should not be given additional drugs via other routes. If a drug is more likely to be absorbed rapidly, it will have more side effects.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 89
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
| a. | “Drugs effective in adults may not work in children, even if the dose is proportional for weight and size.” |
| b. | “Infants metabolize drugs more quickly than do older children and adults.” |
| c. | “Side effects of drugs in children are similar to side effects of drugs in adults.” |
| d. | “The known differences in drug effects in children versus those in adults are related to the size of the patient.” |
ANS: A
Drugs have different effects in children for many reasons besides simply the amount of drug per unit of weight. Because two-thirds of drugs used in children have never been tested in children, most of our knowledge of their effects is anecdotal and requires research. Infants metabolize drugs more slowly because of immaturity of organ systems that metabolize drugs. Because of differences in metabolism, absorption, and excretion of drugs in infants and children, side effects of drugs also differ. Again, the differences in drug effects are related to many factors, not just size and relative dose.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 88-90
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
| a. | Chronic steroid use can inhibit growth. |
| b. | Frequent use of this drug may lead to a decreased response. |
| c. | A hypersensitivity reaction to this drug may occur. |
| d. | Systemic steroids are more toxic in children. |
ANS: A
A specific age-related reaction to a drug is growth suppression caused by glucocorticoids. Children with asthma may need these from time to time for acute exacerbations, but chronic use is not recommended. None of the other three effects occurs in either adults or children.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 90
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
| a. | “Babies have a more rapid gastric emptying time and don’t absorb drugs well.” |
| b. | “Cough medicine tastes bad, and infants usually won’t take it.” |
| c. | “Infants are more susceptible to central nervous system effects than are adults.” |
| d. | “Infants metabolize drugs too rapidly, so drugs aren’t as effective.” |
ANS: C
Drugs cross the blood-brain barrier more readily in infants, making these patients more susceptible to central nervous system (CNS) side effects. Infants have a prolonged and irregular gastric emptying time and absorb drugs in the stomach more quickly. Although it may be true that cough medicines taste bad and are difficult to administer, this is not a contraindication to giving them. Infants metabolize drugs more slowly.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 88-90
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
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