Chapter 2: Infection Prevention and Occupational Risks

Chapter 2:  Infection Prevention and Occupational Risks

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____     1.   During a hospital orientation, a newly hired nurse learns that infectious waste must be incinerated as mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The nurse understands that the main focus of the EPA is on:

____     2.   A healthy individual comes in contact with a rhinovirus while out in the community. Which actions constitute the first line of nonspecific defense mechanisms against the invading infection?

____     3.   A nurse is teaching a client who is immunosuppressed about ways to help the client to avoid infections. The nurse teaches the client that the purpose of the immune system is to provide:

____     4.   A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who has a health-care–associated infection. The nurse understands that the links in the chain of infection consist of:

____     5.   A hospitalized client has acquired an infusion-related infection. Which is the most appropriate intervention for a nurse to implement when caring for a client who has an infusion-related infection?

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS:  A

The EPA is one agency that performs risk assessment. Risk assessment takes different approaches depending on what information is available. Some assessments look back to try to assess effects after an event. Other assessments look forward to anticipate effects before a new product is approved for use.

Reference: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/129/hmiwi/rihmiwi.html, March 10, 2013.

PTS:   1                    KEY:  Cognitive Level: Application

2. ANS:  C

The first lines of defense for healthy human hosts, to protect themselves from environmental microbes, are the physical (skin, mucous membrane, epiglottis, respiratory tract cilia, and sphincter) and chemical barriers (tears, gastric acidity, and vaginal secretions). Mechanical barriers also provide a line of defense.

PTS:   1                    KEY:  Cognitive Level: Application

3. ANS:  D

Appropriate immune response occurs when the immune system recognizes and destroys invading antigens.

PTS:   1                    KEY:  Cognitive Level: Application

4. ANS:  C

The nurse understands that the client’s infection results from interaction between an infectious agent and a susceptible host. This interaction, called transmission, occurs by means of contact between the agent and the host. Three interrelated factors—the agent, the host, and transmission—represent the chain of infection.

Reference: Siegel, J. D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., et al. (2007). Guideline for isolation precautions: Preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhq/pdf/isolation2007.pdf

PTS:   1                    KEY:  Cognitive Level: Application

5. ANS:  A

Sepsis is a serious complication of infusion therapy. Signs and symptoms, such as fluctuating fever, profuse sweating, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, tachycardia, and hypotension, should be reported immediately to the physician.

PTS:   1                    KEY:  Cognitive Level: Application