Chapter 57: Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Chapter 57: Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse working on a high-acuity medical-surgical unit is prioritizing care for four patients who were just admitted. Which patient should the nurse assess first?

ANS:  A

The NPO patient with hypoglycemia who just received 70/30 Novolin insulin takes priority, because this patient needs to consume a good source of glucose immediately or perhaps the NPO status will be discontinued for this shift. The digoxin may be withheld for the patient with a pulse of 58 beats per minute, but this is not a priority action. The patient with a headache needs to be followed up, but because the blood pressure is 136/92 mm Hg, the headache is probably not caused by hypertension. The patient with an allergy to penicillin will not have a reaction to the vancomycin.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   p. 676 | pp. 678-679

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

2. A patient with type 1 diabetes is eating breakfast at 7:30 AM. Blood sugars are on a sliding scale and are ordered before a meal and at bedtime. The patient’s blood sugar level is 317 mg/dL. Which formulation of insulin should the nurse prepare to administer?

ANS:  D

Regular insulin is indicated for sliding scale coverage. Insulin is definitely indicated for this high blood sugar level. NPH is used for scheduled insulin doses and is a longer-acting insulin. A 70/30 mix is also used for scheduled insulin coverage.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 676 | pp. 678-679

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

3. A nurse is educating the staff nurses about ketoacidosis. To evaluate the group’s understanding, the nurse asks, “Which sign or symptom would not be consistent with ketoacidosis?” The group gives which correct answer?

ANS:  B

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has a high glucose level (at least 500 mg/dL or higher); therefore, a glucose level of 60 mg/dL would not be consistent with DKA. A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL, acidosis, and ketones in the urine are consistent with DKA.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   pp. 694-695

TOP:   Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

4. The nurse assesses a newly diagnosed patient for short-term complications of diabetes. What does this assessment include?

ANS:  A

High blood sugar, low blood sugar, and ketoacidosis are short-term complications of diabetes. Microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, are long-term complications of diabetes. Arterial insufficiency and atherosclerosis also are long-term complications of diabetes.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 669

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential