Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care 9th Edition by Jacqueline Burchum
Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care 9th Edition by Jacqueline Burchum
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Chapter 81: Vitamins
Complete Chapter Questions With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
MULTIPLE CHOICE
| a. | The RDA is only an estimate of the amount of vitamins required and does not represent a scientific number. |
| b. | The RDA is the amount of vitamin needed by 50% of the population regardless of age or gender. |
| c. | The RDA represents the highest amount that can be consumed safely, so amounts less than this can be sufficient. |
| d. | The RDA represents an average, so low intake one day can be compensated for by increased amounts on another day. |
ANS: D
The recommended dietary allowance is the average daily dietary intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals. Because it represents an average, a low amount one day can be compensated for by an increased amount on another day. The RDA values are determined through extensive experimental data and are not estimates. The estimated average requirement (EAR) is the level that meets the nutritional requirements of 50% of healthy individuals. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest average daily intake that can be consumed without risk of adverse effects.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 987
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
| a. | “I can get adequate folic acid by consuming foods fortified with synthetic folate.” |
| b. | “I need reduced amounts of vitamin C while pregnant to lower my risk of hemorrhage.” |
| c. | “I should take vitamin K so my baby won’t be vitamin K deficient at birth.” |
| d. | “Excessive amounts of vitamin A [retinol] can cause birth defects in my baby.” |
ANS: D
Vitamin A in high doses can cause birth defects, so pregnant women should be cautioned about exceeding the UL and probably the RDA for vitamin A while pregnant. Pregnant women need to take 400 to 800 mg of supplemental folic acid in addition to that in food. Vitamin C deficiency, not excess, can lead to bleeding disorders. Maternal intake of vitamin K will not prevent infants from being born vitamin K deficient.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: pp. 988-989 | pp. 991-992 | p. 994 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
| a. | Niacin (nicotinic acid) |
| b. | Thiamin (vitamin B1) |
| c. | Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
| d. | Vitamin D |
ANS: D
Vitamin D plays a critical role in the regulation of the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Classical effects of deficiency are rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Niacin, thiamin, and vitamin C do not play a role in the prevention of rickets.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 990
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
| a. | A (retinol) |
| b. | D |
| c. | E (alpha-tocopherol) |
| d. | K |
ANS: A
Vitamin A is needed for dark adaptation; night blindness often is the first indication of deficiency. Night blindness is not a sign of deficiency of vitamins D, E, or K.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 988-989
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
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